Summaries and Publications

General Statistics, Normals, and Summaries |  Severe Weather |  Extremes/All-Time Records |  Temperature |  Precipitation
Extreme Rainfall Events |  Snow |  Wind |  Solar Radiation |  Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature |  Evaporation
Special Climate Summaries and Investigations |  Weather Observing and Equipment

General Statistics, Normals, and Summaries

• Twin Cities Climate Data Statistics
• Climate Normals and Other Statistics for Various Communities
  (National Climatic Data Center - Climatography of the United States No. 20)
• Climate Normals and Other Statistics for Various Communities (Midwestern Regional Climate Center)
• Create Your Own Climate Calendar
• Historical Climate Data Summaries for Various Communities (High Plains Regional Climate Center)
• Normals, Means, and Extremes for Major Airport Weather Stations
  • Minneapolis/St. Paul
  • Duluth
  • Rochester
  • St. Cloud
  • International Falls
  • Fargo, ND
  • Sioux Falls, SD
  • La Crosse, WI
  • The products offered above were extracted from 2005 editions of the NOAA publication Local Climatological Data - Annual Summary With Comparative Data. An example cover page from one of these documents is found here.
• Climate Averages and Extremes by Zip Code (The Weather Channel ©)
• Climate Summaries for Various Communities (USDA NRCS "WETS" data)
• Climate of Fargo, ND (National Weather Service Office, Grand Forks) (1.1 Mb)
• Comparative Climatic Data for Locations Around the United States (National Climatic Data Center)
• General Climate Description for Minnesota  (NCDC Climatography of the United States)

Severe Weather

• Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics
• National Weather Service Event Definitions/Thresholds (National Weather Service)
• Climatology of Strong and Violent Tornadoes (National Severe Storms Laboratory)
• Total Annual Threat of Severe Thunderstorms and Strong Tornadoes (National Severe Storms Laboratory)
• Climatological Estimates of Local Daily Tornado Probability for the United States (National Severe Storms Laboratory)
• State-by-State Lightning Death and Injury Statistics (National Severe Storms Laboratory)
• Facts About Derechos (Storm Prediction Center)

Extremes/All-Time Records

• Minnesota and United States Climate Extremes
• Threaded Extremes
• United States Extreme Record Temperatures and Differences
• State-by-State Month-by-Month Temperature Extremes (National Climatic Data Center)
• Climate Averages and Extremes by Zip Code (The Weather Channel ©)

Temperature

• Normal Temperature Maps
• Probability of Occurrence in the Spring and Fall of Selected Low Temperatures
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part I, 1963) (4.9 Mb)
• The Agricultural and Minimum-Temperature-Free Seasons
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part II, 1963) (3.7 Mb)
• Calculated and Measured Air and Soil Freeze-Thaw Frequencies
  (Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1995) (646 Kb)
• Normal Temperatures (1951-1980) and Their Application
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part XV, 1985) (3.3 Mb)
• Frequency, Duration, Commencement Time and Intensity of Temperature Inversions at St. Paul-Minneapolis (835 Kb)
• Median Frost Dates
• Spring Frost-Free Dates
• USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
• Normal May - September Growing Degree Days

Relative Humidity/Dew Point Temperature

• 106 years of Twin Cities Summer Dew Point Temperature Records (1902-2008)

Precipitation

• Normal Precipitation Maps
• Precipitation Facts, Normals, and Extremes
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part V, 1967) (7.0 Mb)
• Areal Distribution and Probabilities of Precipitation in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part VII, 1973) (3.3 Mb)
• Precipitation Patterns in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area and Surrounding Counties
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part VIII, 1975) (3.1 Mb)
• Precipitation Normals for Minnesota: 1941-1970
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part X, 1978) (3.2 Mb)
• Minnesota areal average precipiation 1891-2003
• Hourly Precipitation Data Rainfall Event Statistics (National Climatic Data Center)

Extreme Rainfall Events

• "100 Year Storms" defined
• Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the Midwest (Midwestern Regional Climate Center) (3.9 Mb)
• Minnesota Flash Floods 1970-2006
• Hydrometeorological Design Publications (National Weather Service)
• Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States - Technical Paper No. 40, 1961 (National Weather Service)
• Two-to-Ten-Day Precipitation for Return Periods of 2 to 100 Years in the Contiguous United States - Technical Paper No. 49, 1964 (National Weather Service)
• Five to 60-minutes Precipitation Frequency for Eastern and Central United States - Technical Memorandum NWS Hydro 35 (1977) (National Weather Service)

Snow

• MN/DOT Snow Climatology Project
• Duration and Depth of Snow Cover
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part XIII, 1982) (2.5 Mb)
• Normal Annual Snowfall Map 1951-1980
• Map of Mean Number of Days Per Year Where Snow Depth => 12 inches
• Probability of a White Christmas
• Famous Minnesota Winter Storms

Wind

• Wind Energy Information Resources (Minnesota Department of Commerce)
• Small Wind Energy Systems Brochure (Minnesota Department of Commerce)
• Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
• Wind Climatology and Wind Power
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part XIV, 1983) (2.5 Mb)
• Wind Roses for Minnesota and Surrounding Communities
• Wind Climatology Data for the U.S. (National Climatic Data Center)

Solar Radiation

• Solar Radiation at St.Paul
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part VI, 1971) (6.5 Mb)
• A Brief Climatology of Solar Radiation and Wind in Minnesota
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part IX, 1978) (10 Mb)
• The Availability and Dependability of Solar Radiation at St. Paul, Minnesota
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part XI, 1979) (3.4 Mb)
• Incoming and Reflected Solar Radiation at St. Paul
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part XVI, 1987) (4.4 Mb)

Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature

• Minnesota Ground Frost Study
  (Dan Pokorny- St. Cloud State, 1993)
• Average Date of Initial Soil Freeze
• Spring Soil Temperatures
  (Climate of Minnesota Series Part - IV, 1966) (2.7 Mb)
• The Hydrologic Cycle and Soil Water
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part XII, 1979) (9.5 Mb)

Evaporation

• The Hydrologic Cycle and Soil Water
  (Climate of Minnesota Series - Part XII, 1979) (9.5 Mb)
• St. Paul Campus Climate Observatory Monthly Pan Evaporation
• Waseca Southern Research and Outreach Center Monthly Pan Evaporation

Special Climate Summaries and Investigations

• Minnesota State All-Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Minnesota State Weather Service History (50 kb)
• This Day In Weather History
• How Does Lake Ice Melt?
• Climatography of the United States, Minnesota (31 kb)
• Daily Weather Maps From 1871 to Present
• Minnesota Floods and Drought: From National Water Summary 1988-1989 (2.6 Mb)
• Great Flood of 1993: Selections from the 1993 Water Year Data Summary
• Minnesota's Precipitation Climate at the End of the 20th Century
• Climate's Impact Upon Water Availability in Minnesota
• Temporal Precipitation Patterns in the Red River Basin
• Historical Lake Ice-Out Dates
• Fall Color Map from the Minnesota Film Board
• Drought of 1988 (2.0 Mb)
• Minnesota Flash Floods 1970-2005
• Famous Minnesota Winter Storms
• Significant Minnesota Weather Events of the 20th Century
• Minnesota Ice Storm History (1.6 Mb)
• Reconstruction of Daily 1820-1872 Minneapolis-St. Paul Temperature Observations by Charles Fisk (8.3 Mb)

Weather Observing and Equipment

• Hey How's the Weather? What Creates Minnesota's Weather (Conservation Volunteer 2003)
• History of the HIDEN Precipitation Network
• Minnesota Cooperative Station Homogenization Report (500 Kb)
• New Expanded-PVC Snowboard Test
• How's the Weather? A Report from Our State Climatologist (1987) (2.2 Mb)

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URL: http://climate.umn.edu/doc/online_resources.htm
Last modified: November 3, 2008